Apparatus for treating plastic substances



S. FLOOD APPARATUS FOR TREATING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES` Feb.

Filed octf 19. 9 sheets-sheet s ..lIIII' MTA/55555.

Feb. .19 1924. n,4s4,32'5

s. FLOOD APPARATUS FOR TREATING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES Filed Oct. 19, 1921 9Sheets-Sheet 4 @fr q 'W N y/// [mtrm 2 3 51 '5l VV/TNESSES /N VEN TOR.

` Feb; 19., 1924.

s. FLOOD vAPPA'ATUS FOR TREATING PLASTIC S. I,BS'J.'ANGESl Filed oct.'19. 11921 9 sheets-supi; s

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Feb. 19 ,-1924. 5484325 S. FLOOD APPARATUS FOR TREIATING PLASTICSUBSTANCES l I Filed oct. 19. 1921 -sreet e A v //v VEN TOR.

W/ TNEs 555. M6/1%@ Feb. 19, 1924. 1,484,325

S. FLOOD "APARATUs FOR TREATING PLASTIC, .susTANcEs Filed Oct. 19 1921 9Sheets-Shea# '7 W/r/vEssE's. /N VEN TOR.

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S. FLOOD APPARATUS FOR TREATING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES Filed Oct. 19. 1921 9Sheets-Sheet 8 7; um-QA l l, L Y i VWM/5555. /NvE/vrQR.

` 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 S. FLOOD Filed Oct. 19 1921 APPARATUS Foa TREATINGPLASTIC sUBsTANcEs Feb. 19 1924.

/N VE/woR Fatented Feb, l9, FM4.

iran star anni i rei-leaf SAMUEL rnoon, or Lrvnnroon, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS ron 'rnnArrns rLAsrro sUBs'rAlvcEs.

Application filed October 19, 1921. Serial Nte. 508,765.v

in the county of Lancaster, England '(late of 8T loodha-ll Road,Stoneycroft, Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, England,`) haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Apparatusfor Treating Plastic Substances, such as Margarine, Paste, Fats, Fruits,and Vegetables, of which the following is a specification.

rl'his invention relates to a rotary machine or apparatus fortreating-as by mix*- ing,'kneading, blending or extruding-plasticsubstances. Y Y

A machine or apparatus, according to my invention, essentiallycomprises, in combination, a casing or receptacle wherein is disposed anelement possessing a'face which deviates from a plane at right angles toits axis, or is cam shaped; an `element or elements in which, or in eachof which, a slot or slots or passages is or are formed; a blade, plates,or the like, slidably disposed in said passage, or in each of saidpassages; and means whereby said blade or blades or plates, or the like,is or are maintained in continuous contact or juxtaposition with saidcam7 shaped element: said passaged element or elements, or said camshaped element, or each being adapted to revolve so that material to'betreated on being admitted into said casing is swept by said blade orblades or plates, or the like, towards and Y through a suitabledischarge passage or orince arranged at or near a peak location of saidcam shaped element. Y

According to one mode of carrying out my invention Y There is provided acylindrical casing whereinis longitudinally disposed a central shaft, sothat an annular space is created between said casing and shaft; on saidshaft a concentric enlargement or collar is formed or provided, whichenlargement is preferably adapted to make a goodrubbingrfit with theinterior wall of said casing, or enters a recess provided therein, andin same are formed slots or passages which may be either straight andradial in their depthV or of helical formation: in each of the passagesof said shaft enlargement or collar a blade or plate is slidablydisposed. A cam shaped member through lwhich said central .shaft extendsis ixedly secured in said casing, the inn-er face of which fcam shapedmember deviates from the plane at right angles to the axis of theshaft,being, by way of example, composed of two helical curvesy of equaland opposite pitch, and meanssuch as hereinafter described-are. providedwhereby said vblades or plates are maintained in continuous contact orjuxtaposition with said cam-shaped member. discharge passage is formedin the camshapedinember or isV provided in the casing at or near thepeak of the curves.

On said shaft being revolved, material fed into the casing between saidcamshaped member and the op-posing face of the shaft enlargement orcollar is swept or carried by a blade or plate to and through thedischarge passage or orifice, and if said blades or plates aresuficiently close together the reduction in volumetric capacity of thechambers formed by adjacent blades or plates causes thematerialcontained in said chambers to be compressed priork to reaching theextrusion or discharge passage or opening.

ln an Valternative arrangement a blade orA plate carrying element issecured within ay stationary casing or apart thereof, and saidcainshaped member is revoluble. V Or a blade or plate carrying elementwith the casing orv a part thereof is revoluble and thc i camshape.dmember stationary. Or the casing or a part thereof with blade or platecarrier and the camshaped member may be adapted top revolve in contrarydirection'.

0r,again, said blade or plate carrying member may be constructed in twoconcentric portions, blades or plates being slidably' disposed ineach,the outer porti-on of the blade Vor plate carrier being attached tothe casing or a part thereof and the inner portion being attached totheshaft.

l will further describe my invention with the aid ofthe accompanyingsheets of explanatory drawings, which illustrate, by.

bodying same.`

In said drawings :e Figs. 1, 2, 3,4, 5, and 6,

way of examples only, rseveral modes of elnillustrated by longitudinalsections machines or apparatuses according to various modes of Vcarryingout my invention,

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 8 a plan,

Fig. 9 a transverse section taken as on line A-A Fig. 7 v

Fig. 10 an end View, and Fig. 11 a detail, ofv a machine or apparatusaccording to a further modification.

Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 13 a plan, Fig. 1e a transversesection taken as on line B--B, Fig. 12, and Fig. 15` an end View of amachine or apparatus according to a further modification. 1 Y

if 116 is a longitudinal sectionl and Fig.' y

17 a1 transverse section tal-:en as on line C-C, Fig. 16 of a machine orapparatus according to a further modification.

;.;..f.g.`18 is a-.longitudinal section and Fig. 19 a transverse sectiontaken as on line -D-D, Fig. 18 of a machine or apparatus according to. afurther modieation; Fig. 20 illustrating modifiedy means for loading anddischiprging the machin-e. s

. rig. 21- is a. longitudinal section of a maf chine or apparatusaccord-ing to a further modification.

inI the several views like characters of reference denote like orequivalent parts Whereeuer they occur.

Referring to-thedrawings, hut first more particularly to the duplexmachine or apparatuslshown in- Fig. 1 z-ilhere isv provided acylindrical casing 1 of metal or other suitable material, inthe endsWhereoiE are fiiredly secured camring members 2, 3', respectively, eachof the opposing faces whereof being shaped into tivo helical. curves ofequal and opposite pitch, and said canishaped members being sopositioned that the peak of the curves of one is in alignment orcoincideiice with the peak of the curves of the other. -Extendinglongitudinally through saidY casing 1 and cam-shaped members 2, 3, is acentral shaft or Yspindle 4: ivliereoii. is 'itegial-ly formedY or issecured a concentric en largement or collar wliich extendsto and makes agoodf rubbing fit with the inner Wall of vthe cylindrical casing 1, andin said enlargement or collar 5 there are cut a plu' ral-ity (two inthiscase) of lielically-formed slots 6 in `each of Which acorrespondingly shaped; blade or plate 7 is slidablyT disposed, thelatter being ofA such length that the respectireends Contact or alniostcontact with said cani7sliaped members 2, 3, in each of which, at thepeak. of the curves, there is formed a passage 8 containingY y a cock 9.Upon said cylindrical. casing 1 there is se`r cureda structureA whichincludes a pair of hoppers 1.0', 1IO adapted to" communicate With theinterior of the casing 1, respectively, on either side of the shaftenlargement or collar. 5, through openings 11, 11.

When said. central shaft 1, Witheoncentric enlargement. orcollariis-rotated by any. convenient'means, material fed into cylindrical mentor collar 5, and if three or more equi-V distantly spaced blades orplates are provided (instead of the two, as shown) due to the reductionin volumetric capacity of the chambers createdA betiveenfadj acontblades as they inevevtovvard's the peaks of the cam ring curves, thematerial is compressed prior to reaching a discharge or extrusionpassage 8.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 2, one cam 2 only isemployed.Tliei'eis rai'iiiied to therevoluble shaft 4; aV disc 12 Which abutsagainst a bearing 13 secured Within the cylindrical casing 1; Within.said disc 12 recesses ltaiie formed, and in the blades or plates 7 Whichare straight in. this instance-there are provided corresponding recesses15. Located in saidv recesses 14, 15 of said disc and blades or platesrespectively are compression springs 16 which tend to maintain saidblades or platesin` contact with the double helical face of thecamshaped.member 2.

The aetionf of this machine is similar to that already described,material fed into the cylindrical casing 1 through hopper ,10 be,

cular groove permit of the continuous discharge of any materialivliich'may, in the operation of the machine, Work its Way behindthebladesorplates 7, and, in the absence of relief, mighttend to chokethe machine.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 3, a single camshaped member 2and straight blades or plates-7 are employed;V but in lieu of springs toeffect the return motion' of the blades-oi'v plates 7, that is, tomaintain same in contact or jiiiitapositionk With the cainshaped member2, there is formed in a stationary end pieceV 19- a double helicalgroove 202 into` which projectf-thronghfa bearing disc 12 secured tosaid' revoluble shaft. fai-extensions 7 a of straight'blades or plates'7;,thus said blades or plates are posi'- tivelyactuated-.in eachvstroke, as inthe construction sfhown in Fig. 1.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. f1,

the` construction is similar tov that shown in Fig. 3, anl exceptionbeing that vay double helical groove 21 is-formed'in the inner Wall.

Laeaeas of casing 1 and lateral projections 7b are portion of each bladeor plate 7 a loose nose piece 23 which is adapted to contact With the.face of the cam7 member 2` under the influence of a compression spring24 located in a recess 25 formed in the blade or plate 7.

in the modification illustrated in Fig. 6, there is illustratedaconvenient method of embodying in one structure a comparatively largenumber of machine units. 1n this arrangement, the intermediate ringmembers are so formed that in respect of one face they constitute acamshaped member 3, and in respect of the other face they constitute acamshaped member 2.

In the modification illustrated in Figs. 7 to 11, thereciprocation ofthe straightfblades or plates 7 is positively effected by helicallyfaced camshaped members 2, 3; central shaft 4 is tubular to admit ofsteam heating, if required; and, for the relief of material Which mayWork behind the blades or plates 7, a port 26 is provided in cam 3,through which port and a conduit 27 such material is returned to thehopper 10. Ports 28 may be provided in the blades or plates 7 (see alsothe preceding figures) in order to obviate the subjection of thematerial being treated to excessive pressure.

A liner 30 is fitted in the casing 1, andv said shaft 4 is preventedfrom longitudinal displacement by means of collars 3l.

Referring to the modification illustrated in Figs. 12 to 15, in order toincrease the capacity of the machine, and to retain the matcrial beingWorked until the process is completed, clearance is provided for betweenthe cam shaped faces and said enlargement or collar 5, longitudinalmotion being imparted to said central shaft 4 at desired times, and suchmovement being limited or controlled by the collars 31 thereon.Additional blades or plates 7X operating in slots 6X of said enlargementor collar 5 are provided. 32 denotes a slidable fin-like piece Whichdivides the total area. of the dis` charge passages into two 'portionsas indicated by 8, 825; said fin also makeschamberlike spaces at thetime of extrusion and when the blades or plates are passing the vicinityof the passages. At the time of discharge said fin is moved in thedirection of the enlargement or collar 5.

In operation, the material to be treated area 8,

is fed from the hopper 10 into the revolving l machine until it lisfullycharged, and rota-V ltion is continued until the material issufficiently Worked by the' action of the double row of blades or plates7, 7x, Which tend to force the material through theV contracted a in thepealr of cam 2, v n Y When the treatment is completed coclrs 9 areopened kand longitudinal motion is imparted to the central shaft 4`which brings lthe enlargement or collar 5 into contact with the peak ofthe cam 2, with the result that the discharge of the material commencesimmediately through the passage 8', 8a. 'A 'relief passage 26 isprovided''inv the oaosin' cam 3 Which assaOe communi! Cates withaconduit-v in the casing and With la pipe 27 communicating with saidhopper l ln a modification said enlargement or co l lar 5 may be, ineffect, divided into two concentric portions the portion containing theblades or plates 7 X being rotated in the contrary direction totheportion containing the blades or plates 7 the outer `por-tion will besecured to a belt of the casing which 'will revolve. f In themodification illustrated in Figs. 16 and 17, blades or plates7 arereciprocated between Ycamshaped members 2, 3, said blades or plates aresubstantially triangular,

in shape and adapted to slide in correspondingly shaped slots 6 in theenlargement or collar 5. Secured to said shaft 4 is a revoluble cutter33 which severs` the material.

as it is extruded from the machine.

Referring to the modification illustrated in Figs. 18 and 19z--Extending through re- Vcesses 34 in the shaft enlargement or-collarf-V,5 are bushes 35 in which are slidably disposed Wooden or metallrneading pieces 36 the respective ends whereof abut against cam-shapedmembers 2, 3. or secured to each of `said bushes 35 is anexternallyetoothed or spur Wheel 37, Yand surrounding the interiori ofthe casing l' is a common internally-toothedWheel 38 which is held 'inposition by means of a pin 39. When said central shaft 4 is rotated, andwith it-the enlargement or collar 5, said lrneading pieces 36, throughthe engagement of their toothed bushes With thel commoninternally-toothed Wheel 37 are simultaneously revolved, both around thecasing and on their own axes and are also reciprocated by thecani-shaped members 2, 3.y

It will be noted that said blades 36 are of special sha-pe orconfiguration and are of such Width, and are so set or timed, that Whenthe mixing or kneading operation is completed one at least Will be inapposition to discharge the contents-through conduitv 40 in Which is aplate valve 41-on said .in-

ternally-toothed Wheel 37 being released and so freed to revolve throughthe withdrawal Formed on Y of said pin 39. @n the rotation of said wheel37 said lneading pieces 36, of course, cease to revolve on their ownaxes.

Referring to Fig. 20, a part of the hollow portion la of shaft 4 isremoved and there is vsubstituted a stationary receptacle i2 having afrontal lip L13 and upper and lower apertures ed, 45, respectively.sliding plate closure a6 is provided in connection with the upperaperture ad. rlhe material to be treatec is placedA in receptacle 4:2through the frontal opening and gravitates through the lower port to themachine, the upper port i4 being closed by slide 46.

On completion of the treatment said upper port ad is opened and thematerial is permitted to discharge on an inclined portable y outerportion of a camshaped member is on top and the peak of the innerportion of the camshaped member is also at the top, as shown, in whichposition the full charge is taken into the machine and finished.

To effect discharge from the machine the inner portions of the cams arerevolved through an angle of 1800 which causes the ealrs and the valleysof the outer and inner portions to coincide, such coincidence causingthe machine to eject its charge through passages 1.0.

Alternatively, a suitable fin-like member Li2 may be moved to projectbeyond the profile ofthe cam and complete the chamber in the vicinity ofthe peak and the discharge passage S, to effect discharge of materialinstead of operating the inner cam 2 for that purpose.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent isY 1. A machine of the type described, comi ,Iraanse prising a casing,cam members therein and one of said cam members provided with adischarge opening, and a rotary member be` tween said cam membersadaptedto be reciprocated when rotated. y Y

2. ist machine as called for in claim l wherein a driven shaft entendsaxially of said cam members for imparting rotation to said rotarymembers.

3. A machine of the type described, comprising a casingcam members fixedin said in spaced relation to each other, a driven shaft ournaled insaid cam members, means about said shaft adapted to be rotated therebyand caused to reciprocate by virtue of said cam members, and hopperscommunieating with the space between said cam members.

si. A machine as called for in claim 3 wherein one of said cam membershas a discharge opening, and means controlling the discharge.

5. A machine of the type described com-- prising a casing, a rotarymember in said casing adapted to be reciprocated when rotated, and meansin said casing causing reciprocation of said rotary member when rotated,said means affording an outlet for said casing.

6. A machine `of the type described comprising a casing provided with adischarge opening, a rotary member in said casing adapted to bereciprocated when rotated, a cutter 3o-axially of said rota-ry` memberoutf side of said casing at the discharge opening thereof, and means insaid casing causing reciprocation of said rotary member when ro-V tated,said means affording an outlet at the discharge opening of said casing.V

7. A machine of the type described com prising a casing.l a cam memberArred in said casing and provided with a discharge opening, a drivenshaft journaled in said cam member, and means about said shaft adaptedto be rotated thereby and caused to reciprocate by virtue of said cammember.

ln testimony whereof l afiX my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

, y SAMUEL FLOOD. Witnesses l. D. FLOOD., JOHN H. WALKER!

